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Inside intelligence // Amer. scientist. 1986. Vol. 74, N 2. P. 137-143. 7. %>;>4=0O .. !CI5AB2C5B ;8 8=B5;;5:B :0: ?A8E8G5A:0O @50;L=>ABL? // >?@>AK ?A8E>;>388. 1990. N 5. !. 125. 8. %0@<0= . $0:B>@=K9 0=0;87. .: $8=0=AK 8 AB0B8AB8:0, 1973. 9. Eysenck H.J., Eysenck M.W. Personality and individual differenses. A natural scinence approach. N.J.London: Plenum Pr., 1985. 10. Thurstone L.L., Thurstone T.G. Factorial studies of intelligence // Psychometric Monographs. 1941. N 2. 11. Kelly T.L. Crossroads in the Mind of Man: A Study of Differentiable Mental Abilites. Stanford. 1928. 12. Guilford J.P., Hoepfner R. the analysis of intelligence. N.Y., 1971. 13. Cattell R.B. Abilities: their structure, growth and action. Boston: Houghton Mifflin company, 1971. 14. Vernon P.E. The structure of human abilities. N.Y.: Wiley, 1950. 15. Wechsler D. The measurement and abraisel of adult intelligence. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1958. 16. A>15==>AB8 @0728B8O 1;87=5F>2. >4 @54. ..#H0:>20. .: 548F8=0, 1977. 17. Bert C. The structure of mind: a review of the results of factor analysis // Britich Journal Educatinal Psychology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quation.2 ) IQ-?>:070B5;59 2 H:0;5 5:A;5@0. 0@80=B H:0;KIQ-?>:070B5;L=0G5=85  EMBED Equation.2 WISC5@10;L=K9 @0:B8G5A:89 1I893,00-5,19 4,74-5,61 3,36-4,25WAIS5@10;L=K9 @0:B8G5A:89 1I893,0 4,0 2,6"5AB WISC 040?B8@>20= ...0=0AN:>< (1973 3.) 8 8740= =AB8BCB>< 38385=K 45B59 8 ?>4@>AB:>2 8=74@020 !!! .  20@80=B5 ...0=0AN:0 70<5=5=K 7040=8O, =5 A>>B25BAB2CNI85 CA;>28O< =0H59 AB@0=K. 7<5=5=8O :>A=C;8AL, 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L, 25@10;L=>9 G0AB8 - AC1B5AB>2 ">=OB;82>ABL", "A254><;5==>ABL", "!;>20@=K9" 8, 2 <5=LH59 <5@5, AC1B5AB0 "!E>4AB2>". "5AB 1K; ?@>25@5= =0 =0456=>ABL A>?>AB02;5=85< @57C;LB0B>2 3@C??K 74>@>2KE 45B59 8 3@C??K >;83>D@5=>2 (AB048O 4518;L=>AB8). 0==K5 74>@>2KE 8 C<AB25==> >BAB0;KE 45B59 @07;8G0;8AL =0 2KA>:>< C@>2=5 7=0G8<>AB8 (a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mthauer Intelligenz-Struktur-Test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r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ifferential Apttitude Test) A>740= 2 1947 3>4C 8 =5>4=>:@0B=> ?5@5A<0B@820;AO. 0B0@5O 1K;0 ?@54=07=0G5=0 4;O B5AB8@>20=8O CG0I8EAO VII - XII :;0AA>2 A@54=59 H:>;K !( 2 E>45 ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=>9 :>=AC;LB0F88. !>740B5;8 B5AB>2 2:;NG0;8 2 =53> 7040=8O, 2K?>;=5=85 :>B>@KE <>3;> 1K ?@>3=>78@>20BL CA?5H=>ABL >1CG5=8O 2 2KAH59 H:>;5. 2B>@K 8AE>48;8 =5 B>;L:> 87 ?@0:B8G5A:8E =C64, => 8 CG8BK20;8 @57C;LB0BK D0:B>@=> - 0=0;8B8G5A:8E 8AA;54>20=89. 0B0@5O @0718B0 =0 425 D>@<K: S 8 T. "5AB 2:;NG05B 2 A51O 8 AC1B5AB>2. 1. !;>25A=>5 <KH;5=85. A?>;L7CNBAO 42>9=K5 0=0;>388. B 8A?KBC5<>3> B@51C5BAO 70?>;=8BL ?@>?CA:8 A;>2 2 ?@54;>65=88, 2K1@02 =C6=CN ?0@C A;>2 87 A?8A:0. 2. '8A;>2K5 A?>A>1=>AB8. A?KBC5<><C ?@54;030NB ?@>ABK5 C@02=5=8O. = 4>;65= 2K1@0BL ?>4E>4OI89 >B25B. 3. 1AB@0:B=>5 <KH;5=85. A?KBC5<K9 4>;65= ?@>4>;68BL A5@8N 35><5B@8G5A:8E D83C@. 4. @>AB@0=AB25==K5 >B=>H5=8O. @54JO2;ONBAO @0725@B:8 35><5B@8G5A:8E B5;. A?KBC5<K9 4>;65= 2K1@0BL D83C@C, A>>B25BAB2CNICN @0725@B:5. 5. "5E=8G5A:>5 <KH;5=85. 0=K :0@B8=:8, >?8AK20NI85 >?@545;5==CN D878G5A:CN A8BC0F8N. C6=> >B25B8BL =0 2>?@>A, ?>=O2 =5:>B>@K9 D878G5A:89 ?@8=F8?. 6. !:>@>ABL 8 B>G=>ABL 2>A?@8OB8O. @54JO2;O5BAO A5@8O 1C:25==KE ?0@, >4=0 87 :>B>@KE 2K45;5=0. A?KBC5<K9 4>;65= =09B8 MBC :><18=0F8N =0 1;0=:5 >B25B>2. 7. @0<>B=>ABL. A?KBC5<><C ?@54JO2;O5BAO A?8A>: A;>2, >= 4>;65= ?@>25@8BL ?@028;L=>ABL 8E =0?8A0=8O. 8. A?>;L7>20=85 O7K:0. 05BAO ?@54;>65=85, :>B>@>5 A>45@68B >H81:8 2 ?>AB@>5=88 8;8 ?C=:BC0F88. A?KBC5<K9 4>;65= =09B8 >H81:8. 1I55 2@5<O 2K?>;=5=8O B5AB0 >G5=L 25;8:> (4> 5 G0A>2), ?>MB><C G0AB> ?@8<5=ONB A>:@0I5==K5 20@80=BK. >@<K 1K;8 ?>;CG5=K ?@8 B5AB8@>20=88 1>;55 64 BKA. CG0I8EAO A@54=8E H:>; 33 HB0B>2 8 >:@C30 >;C<18O. "5AB DAT >B=>A8BAO : B5AB0< ?@545;L=KE 2>7<>6=>AB59. 0456=>ABL B5AB0 >G5=L 25;8:0 (0,90). 708<=K5 :>@@5;OF88 AC1B5AB>2 1;87:8 : 0,50. 57C;LB0BK A>?>AB02;5=8O 40==KE B5AB0 A >F5=:0<8 H:>;L=>9 CA?5205<>AB8 ?>:070;8, GB> :>@@5;OF88 4>AB0B>G=> 25;8:8. 081>;55 ?@>3=>AB8G=K AC1B5ABK "!;>25A=>5 <KH;5=85" (0,39-0,50), "'8A;>2K5 A?>A>1=>AB8" (0,32-0,48), "@54;>65=8O" (0,30-0,52). !C<<0@=K9 ?>:070B5;L B5AB0 "'8A;>2K5 A?>A>1=>AB8" 8 "!;>25A=>5 <KH;5=85" E0@0:B5@87C5B A?>A>1=>ABL : >1CG5=8N (:>@@5;OF88 A CG51=K<8 4>AB865=8O<8 0,70-0,80). >@@5;OF8O ?>:070B5;59 DAT A CA?5H=>ABLN ?@>872>4AB25==>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 :>;51;5BAO >B 5 4> 45 % 2 @07;8G=KE 8AA;54>20=8OE.  =0H59 AB@0=5 DAT 8A?>;L7C5BAO A@02=8B5;L=> @54:>.  G0AB=>AB8, ..C7L<8=0, ..8;8B0=A:0O 8A?>;L7>20;8 ?5@52545==K5 5 AC1B5AB>2 B5AB0 DAT (@5040?B8@>20= 2 3. @0B8A;025,'!! , 2 1973 3.) ?@8 8AA;54>20=88 A2O78 >1I8E C<AB25==KE A?>A>1=>AB59 8 ?@>D5AAA8>=0;L=KE 8=B5@5A>2 H:>;L=8:>2.  8AA;54>20=88 ?@8<5=O;8AL AC1B5ABK: "A;>25A=>5 <KH;5=85", "G8A;>2K5 A?>A>1=>AB8", "B5E=8G5A:>5 <KH;5=85", "01AB@0:B=>5 <KH;5=85", "?@>AB@0=AB25==K5 >B=>H5=8O ". 2B>@K CAB0=>28;8, GB> A:;>==>ABL : ?@>D5AA8O< B8?0 "G5;>25: - G5;>25:" (?> ..;8<>2C) >B@8F0B5;L=> :>@@5;8@C5B A >1I8< 8=B5;;5:B>< (r=-0,40) 8 C@>2=5< B5E=8G5A:>3> <KH;5=8O (r=-0,30). <5AB5 A B5<, C@>25=L >1I53> 8=B5;;5:B0 ?>;>68B5;L=> :>@@5;8@C5B A 8=B5@5A>< : D878:5 8 <0B5<0B8:5 (0,31; 0,34). 5A:>;L:> @0=55 (2 1940 3>4C, ?>74=59H0O 25@A8O 1956 3>40), G5< DAT, 1K;0 @07@01>B0=0 4@C30O 10B0@5O >1I8E A?>A>1=>AB59 - GATB. GATB A>740=0 ?> 70:07C !;C61K 70=OB>AB8 !( 4;O F5;59 ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=>9 >@85=B0F88 8 @0AAB0=>2:8 :04@>2 2 0@<88 8 2 3>AC40@AB25==KE CG@5645=8OE. 07@01>BG8:8 GATB ?@>25;8 D0:B>@=K9 0=0;87 50 B5AB>2KE 10B0@59 (2 :064>9 1K;> >B 15 4> 29 AC1B5AB>2) 8 >1=0@C68;8, GB> >=8 2> <=>3>< 845=B8G=K. K;8 >B>1@0=K 59 AC1B5AB>2, :>B>@K5 ?>A;5 >1@01>B:8 40==KE >1J548=8;8AL 2 10 D0:B>@>2. 5@2>=0G0;L=> 4;O 4803=>AB8:8 A?>A>1=>AB59 8A?>;L7>20;8AL 15 AC1B5AB>2.  ?>74=59HCN 25@A8N GATB 2>H;8 12 AC1B5AB>2, 0 G8A;> D0:B>@>2 1K;> A>:@0I5=> 4> 9. !B0=40@B=K5 =>@<K 1K;8 ?>;CG5=K =0 2K1>@:5 4000 @01>G8E 8 A;C60I8E !(. 0456=>ABL B5AB0 25AL<0 25;8:0 (r=0,90). =5H=OO 20;84=>ABL B5AB0, B> 5ABL :>@@5;OF8O 10;;>2 A CA?5H=>ABLN ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=>9 45OB5;L=>B8 4;O @07=KE 3@C? :>;51;5BAO >B 0,40 4> 0,84. ;O 1>;LH8=AB20 ?@>D5AA89 MB>B ?>:070B5;L @025= 0,6. 0 1075 GATB @07@01>B0= @O4 <>48D8:0F89 - 10B0@58 4;O >?@545;5==KE 3@C?? ?@>D5AA89 (SATB- Special Aptitude Battery, NATB 8 4@C385). 0 >A=>25 <=>3>;5B=8E >1A;54>20=89 2 !( CAB0=>2;5=K A8AB5<K ?>:070B5;59, E0@0:B5@87CNI8E A?>A>1=>AB8, =5>1E>48<K5 4;O >2;045=8O B>9 8;8 8=>9 ?@>D5AA859 8;8 3@C??>9 ?@>D5AA89. "!8AB5<0 ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=KE A?>A>1=>AB59" ( ) @07@01>B0=0 4;O =5A:>;L:8E 45AOB:>2 ?@>D5AA89. "5AB8@>20=85 ?> GATB 2 !( ?@>H;8 45AOB:8 BKAOG 8A?KBC5<KE. 0 A53>4=OH=89 45=L >= O2;O5BAO A0<K< @0A?@>AB@0=5==K< B5AB>< >1I8E A?>A>1=>AB59. 0B0@5O <>65B 1KBL ;8HL CA;>2=> >B=5A5=0 : B5AB0< AB@C:BC@ 8=B5;;5:B0, ?>A:>;L:C >E20BK205B B0:65 ?5@F5?B82=K5 8 A5=A><>B>@=K5 A?>A>1=>AB8. @82545< A?8A>: D0:B>@>2 8 AC1B5AB>2. 1) G - >1I85 A?>A>1=>AB8 : >1CG5=8N. 0;; ?>;CG05BAO =0 >A=>25 A;>65=8O ?>:070B5;59 3 B5AB>2: A;>20@=>3>, 0@8D<5B8G5A:>3>, 2>A?@8OB8O B@5E<5@=>3> ?@>AB@0=AB20. 2) V - 25@10;L=K5 A?>A>1=>AB8. 7<5@ONBAO B5AB>< =0 2K45;5=85 87 3@C??K A;>2, :>B>@K5 8<5NB AE>4=>5 8;8 ?@>B82>?>;>6=>5 7=0G5=85. 3) N - G8A;>2K5 A?>A>1=>AB8. "5AB8@CNBAO 42C<O B5AB0<8: "0@8D<5B8G5A:85 7040G8" (50 7040G) 8 "0@8D<5B8G5A:85 C?@06=5=8O" (50 ?@>ABKE 7040=89 A >4=8< 459AB285<). 4) S - ?@>AB@0=AB25==K5 A?>A>1=>AB8. 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'. 1-2. .: 5403>38:0, 1982. 2. Rasch G. On specific objectivity // Danish Harbook of Philosophy. 1977. Vol. 14. P. 58-94. 3. Rasch G. Probabilistic model for intelligence and attainoment tests. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1980. 4. 20=5A>2 .!. A=>2K =0CG=>9 >@30=870F88 ?5403>38G5A:>3> :>=B@>;O 2 2KAH59 H:>;5. ., 1989. 5. .AC?>2 $.. @8=F8?K :>=AB@C8@>20=8O =525@10;L=KE B5AB>2 A?>A>1=>AB59 // 0=4. 48AA. ., 1993. 6. @C68=8= .. A8E>;>38G5A:0O 4803=>AB8:0 A?>A>1=>AB59: B5>@5B8G5A:85 >A=>2K. !0@0B>2: !#, 1990. 7. A8?>2 .., =4@552 -.. 5B>4K 87<5@5=8O 2 A>F8>;>388. .: 0C:0, 1977. 8. /<?>;LA:89 .. 7<5@5=85 ?@>4C:B82=>AB8 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 // >?@>AK ?A8E>;>388. 1984, N 5. !. 142-147. 9. Wechsler D. Manual for the Wechsler a dult intelligence scale. N.Y., 1955. 10. Cohen J. A factor analytically based rationale for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale // Journal of Consulting Psychology. 1957, N 21. 11. 01>G0O :=830 H:>;L=>3> ?A8E>;>30. >4 @54. ..C1@>28=>9. .: @>A25I5=85. 1988. 12. (0C<0@>2 ..  >F5=:5 7=0G5=8O 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=KE B5AB>2 2 4803=>AB8:5 8 87CG5=88 @0728B8O 45B59 A 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=>9 =54>AB0B>G=>ABLN // 5D5:B>;>38O. 1979, N 6. !. 16-24. 13. 0728B85 8 4803=>AB8:0 A?>A>1=>AB59. B2. @54. ..@C68=8=, ..(04@8:>2. .: 0C:0, 1991. !. 77-84. 14. Amthauer R. Intelligenz und Beruf // Zatschrift fur experimentale und andewandte Psychology. 1953. Bd 1. 15. 1I0O ?A8E>4803=>AB8:0 // >4 @54. ..>40;520 8 ..!B>;8=0. .: #, 1987. 16. 0<07>2 .., <K@8=>2 .. A8E>;>3>-?5403>38G5A:85 <5B>4K 8AA;54>20=8O 8=48284C0;L=>-;8G=>AB=KE >A>15==>AB59. . 1988. 17. 803=>AB8:0 ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=KE 8 ?>7=020B5;L=KE A?>A>1=>AB59. .: , 1988. !. 155-170. 3;020 4. 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'B> :0A05BAO A@54>2KE D0:B>@>2, >1CA;>2;820NI8E A@54>2CN A>AB02;ONICN 48A?5@A88, B> >=8 @0745;ONBAO =0 2=CB@8A5<59=K5 8 <56A5<59=K5. >MB><C 8 A@54>20O 48A?5@A8O ?@87=0:0 45;8BAO =0 2=CB@8A5<59=CN (S) 8 <56A5<59=CN (VB) :><?>=5=BK. @><5 B>3>, 2K45;ONB A;CG09=CN :><?>=5=BC (VM), ?@8G8=>9 55 O2;ONBAO >H81:8 87<5@5=8O, 2=CB@88=48284C0;L=0O 20@80B82=>ABL ?@87=0:0 8 ?@. =CB@8 :><?>=5=BK VB 2K45;ONB: VCH - ">1I89 4><"; VHG - >4=> ?>:>;5=85; VTW - c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r<0,92). 4=0:> 8AA;54>20=8O, ?@>2545==K5 =0 1;87=5F0E, 682CI8E 2<5AB5, ?>425@30;8AL >1J5:B82=>9 :@8B8:5, B0: :0: 2KA>:85 :>@@5;OF88 <>3;8 1KBL >1CA;>2;5=K A>2<5AB=K< 2;8O=85< @O40 A@54>2KE ?@8G8=, :0: B>: 2@5<O, ?@>2>48<>5 1;87=5F0<8 2<5AB5, AB@5<;5=85 1;87=5F>2 : AE>4AB2C 8 @07;8G8N, @0A?@545;5=85 @>;59 2 ?0@5 8 B.4. >MB><C 1>;LH>9 8=B5@5A ?@54AB02;O5B 87CG5=85 @07;CG5==KE 1;87=5F>2 8 ?@85<=KE 45B59.  =081>;55 8725AB=>< ?A8E>35=5B8G5A:>< 8AA;54>20=88, ?@>2545==>< 6.(8;4A><, CG0AB2>20;8 34 ?0@K  1;87=5F>2, 2K@>AH8E 2<5AB5, 38 ?0@ @07;CG5==KE  1;87=5F>2 8 7 ?0@  1;87=5F>2. @8G5< <=>385 87 =8E (21 ?0@0) 1K;0 @07;CG5=0 A@07C ?>A;5 @>645=8O, 0 >AB0;L=K5 - 2 ?5@8>4 >B =5A:>;L:8E <5AOF52 4> 9 ;5B A> 4=O @>645=8O. >MDD8F85=B 2=CB@5==59 :>@@5;OF88 ?> 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=K< B5AB0< 4;O @07;CG5==KE  1;87=5F>2 >:070;AO @02=K<8 0,77, C  1;87=5F>2, 2K@>AH8E 2<5AB5, - 0,76, 8 C 48783>B=KE 1;87=5F>2 - 0,51.  8AA;54>20=88 .LN<5=0 (1937 3.)[6] 1K;8 ?>;CG5=K AB>;L 65 2KA>:85 :>@@5;OF88: 4;O <>=>783>B=KE @07;CG5==KE 1;87=5F>2 0,51< r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factor), ?@>AB@0=AB25==K5 (S-factor), 153;>ABL @5G8 (W-factor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a). 0@0 1@0BL52, A>2?040NI8E ?> >4=><C 87 35=5B8G5A:8E <0@:5@>2, A@02=820;8AL A ?0@0<8 1@0BL52, @07;8G0NI8EAO ?> MB><C <0@:5@C. @54?>;030;>AL (?> <5E0=87<C AF5?;5==>3> =0A;54>20=8O), 5A;8 C 1@0BL52, A>2?040NI8E ?> <0@:5@C, AE>4AB2> ?> C@>2=N @0728B8O ?@>AB@0=AB25==KE A?>A>1=>AB59 1C45B 1>;LH5, G5< C 1@0BL52, @07;8G0NI8EAO ?> <0@:5@C, B> ?@>AB@0=AB25==K5 A?>A>1=>AB8 45B5@<8=8@>20=K 35=5B8G5A:8. 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'B> :0A05BAO ?>;57028A8<>AB8 - ?>;5=57028A8<>AB8, B5AB8@C5<>9 A ?><>ILN B5AB0 2:;NG5==KE D83C@ .#8B:8=0 8;8 A ?><>ILN B5AB0 AB5@65=L-@0<:0, B>, ?> 40==K< .!.3>@>2>9, AE>4AB2> 2 @57C;LB0B0E, ?>:07K205<KE  1;87=5F0<8 >G5=L 25;8:> (r = 0,70), <564C B5< :>@@5;OF88 C  1;87=5F>2 >G5=L =87:8 0< r< 0,24. %>BO 02B>@C 8 C40;>AL 2KO28BL 2;8O=85 @0A?@545;5=8O @>;59 2 ?0@5  1;87=5F>2 (2=CB@8?0@=>5 AE>4AB2> >:070;>AL 2KH5 2 3@C??0E A> AB018;L=K< @0A?@545;5=85< @>;59 157 O2=>3> ;845@AB20), => 35=5B8G5A:0O 45B5@<8=0F8O >:070;0AL >G5=L 25;8:0. 081>;55 ?@>B82>@5G82K @57C;LB0BK 8AA;54>20=89 35=5B8G5A:>9 45B5@<8=0F88 <0B5<0B8G5A:8E A?>A>1=>AB59.  8AA;54>20=88 ".$>30 8 .;><8=0 [11] =5 2KO2;5=> =0A;54C5<>AB8 <0B5<0B8G5A:8E A?>A>1=>AB59, 0 2 8AA;54>20=8OE .0@D8=:5;O, 6.>M;8=0 8 .8:>;A0 [12] 1K;8 2KO2;5=K 7=0G8<K5 @07;8G8O 2=CB@83@C??>2KE :>@@5;OF89  8  1;87=5F>2. @0240, 8AA;54>20=85 .0@D8=:5;O ?@>2545=> 2 @CA;5 :>=F5?F88 .8065 > ?@8@>45 8=B5;;5:B0, 8 2 :0G5AB25 M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE ?@>1 1K;8 8A?>;L7>20=K 15 7040G .8065.  M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=CN 3@C??C 2>H;8 197 <>=>783>B=KE 8 72 48783>B=KE ?0@K 4-8 ;5B=8E 1;87=5F>2. >;CG8;>AL, GB> =0A;54AB25==K5 D0:B>@K 8 >1@07>20=85 @>48B5;59 >1CA;>2;820NB 50% 20@80=B=>AB8 ?>:070B5;59 ;>38G5A:>3> <KH;5=8O ?> .8065. > 2>7=8:05B 70:>=><5@=K9 2>?@>A, B>645AB25==K ;8 <0B5<0B8G5A:85 A?>A>1=>AB8 C@>2=N @0728B8O 8=B5;;5:B0 ?> .8065. !CI5AB2C5B <0AA0 >17>@>2, >1>1I0NI8E 40==K5 1;87=5F>2KE 8AA;54>20=89.  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"01;8F0 10. >:070B5;8 =0A;54C5<>AB8 8 8E @0=3>2K5 <5AB0, ?>;CG5==K5 ?@8 4803=>AB8@>20=88 A?5F80;L=KE A?>A>1=>AB59 !?5F80;L=K5 A?>A>1=>AB8D.B.Dewett 1954L.L.Thurstone, 1955S.Q.Vandenberq 1962S.Q.Vandenberq 1966h 0=3h 0=3h 0=3h 0=35@10;L=K50,6810,6420,6210,434@>AB@0=AB25==K50,5140,7610,5940,7210B5<0B8G5A:850,0750,3450,6120,562 0AAC645=850,6420,2660,2850,09553;>ABL @5G80,6430,5930,6130,5530<OBL--0,3940,206-->;8G5AB2> ?0@ DZ/MZ26/26 53/4537/4536/76 @8<5G0=85. 0==K5 ?@82>4OBAO ?> @01>B0<: J.L.Fuller, W.R.Thompson, 1978; J.C.Loehlin, R.C.Nichols, 1976. "01;8F0 11. 0=3>2K5 <5AB0 ?>:070B5;59 =0A;54C5<>AB8 A?5F80;L=KE A?>A>1=>AB59 (S.Q.Vandenberq, 1962) !C1B5ABKF->B=>H5=85 0=381.1I0O >A254><;5==>ABL (1)3,88 ***12. 1I0O ?>=OB;82>ABL (!)2,25 **53. @8D<5B8G5A:89 ()2,78 ***34. !E>4AB2> (S)1,81 *75. >2B>@5=85 F8D@ ()1,53 *96. !;>20@=K9 (V)3,14 ***27. (8D@>2:0 (DS)2,06 **68. 54>AB0NI85 45B0;8 ( !)1,50109. C18:8 >AA0 ()2,35 **410. >A;54>20B5;L=K5 :0@B8=:8 ( )1,74 *811. !;>65=85 D83C@ ()1,3611nMZ60DZ60* - p < 0,05; ** - p < 0,01; *** - p < 0,001. "01;8F0 12. =CB@8?0@=>5 AE>4AB2> ?>:070B5;59 8=B5;;5:B0 1;87=5F>2 ?> 40==K< C8A28;;A:>3> 8AA;54>20=8O (A.Matheny et al., 1981) >7@0AB>;8G5AB2> ?0@rMZDZMZDZ3 <5A72900,660,676 <5A811010,750,729 <5A73840,670,5112 <5A89920,680,6318 <5A921130,820,65*24 <5A881150,810,7330 <5A72930,850,65**36 <5A1041250,880,79*4 3>401051200,830,71*5 ;5B1291380,850,66**6 ;5B1391410.860,59**7 ;5B1161190,860,59**8 ;5B1461380,830,66*9 ;5B85860,830,65*15 ;5B78640,880,54* - p < 0,05 4;O r MZ > r DZ ; ** - p < 0,01 4;O r MZ > r DZ ;0= 8AA;54>20=8O 2:;NG0; B5AB8@>20=85 C@>2=O 8=B5;;5:B0 ?> A>?>AB028<K< H:0;0<. "5AB8@>20=85 4> 42CE ;5B ?@>2>48;>AL ?> H:0;5 .59;8, A 2,5 4> 3 ;5B 8=B5;;5:B B5AB8@>20;AO A ?><>ILN H:0;K !BM=D>@0-8=5, 0 ?>765 8A?>;L7>20;8AL 25@A88 H:0;K .5:A;5@0 4;O 4>H:>;L=8:>2, <;04H8E H:>;L=8>2 8 ?>4@>AB:>2. 064>3> 1;87=5F0 B5AB8@>20;8 @07=K5 M:A?5@8<5=B0B>@K (2> 871560=85 "MDD5:B0 83<0;8>=0").  @57C;LB0B5 1K;0 2KO2;5=0 >1I0O 70:>=><5@=>ABL: 2>7@0AB0=85 2 B5G5=85 ?5@2KE 15 ;5B 687=8 2=CB@8?0@=>3> AE>4AB20 ?>:070B5;59 8=B5;;5:B0 C <>=>783>B=KE 1;87=5F>2 8 ?045=85 ?>:070B5;59 AE>4AB20 C 48783>B=KE 1;87=5F>2. >;55 B>3>, ?@>D8;8 8=48284C0;L=>3> @0728B8O C <>=>783>B=KE 1;87=5F>2 1>;55 AE>4=K, G5< C 48783>B=KE 1;87=5F>2. @8G5< C@>25=L :>@@5;OF88 ?>:070B5;59 >1I53> 8=B5;;5:B0 C  1;87=5F>2 1K; @025= C@>2=N =0456=>AB8 B5AB0 (r=0,85). 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"5< A0<K<, C M:AB@025@B>2 4>;65= 1KBL ;CGH5 @0728B =525@10;L=K9 8=B5;;5:B, 0 C 8=B@>25@B>2 - 25@10;L=K9. 081>;55 A8;L=K< 0@3C<5=B>< 1K;> B5>@5B8G5A:>5 4>:070B5;LAB2> . >18=A>=0 70:>=><5@=>AB8 A2O759 <564C MAB@025@A859 - 8=B@>25@A859 A 8=B5;;5:B><, :>B>@K5 >= >?C1;8:>20; 2 1986 3>4C [13]. ?8@0OAL =0 A2>8 8AA;54>20=8O, >= 2KG8A;8; B5>@5B8G5A:85 7=0G5=8O M:AB@025@A88, 8=B@>25@A88 8 ?A8E>B87<0, 8AE>4O 87 M<?8@8G5A:8E 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=KE ?@>D8;59 8A?KBC5<KE ?> <5B>48:5 WAIS. >;CG5==K5 B5>@5B8G5A:85 7=0G5=8O 1K;8 A>?>AB02;5=K A :>=:@5B=K<8 M<?8@8G5A:8<8 40==K<8. :070;>AL, GB> 2KG8A;5==K5 7=0G5=8O 8=B@>25@A88 8 ?A8E>B87<0 1K;8 2KH5 C B5E ;8F, :>B>@K5 1K;8 @50;L=> 8=B@>25@B0<8 8 ?A8E>B8:0<8. 4=0:>, ?> ?>A;54=8< 40==K< 0@@5BB0 8 975=:0, @07;8G8O 2 CA?5H=>AB8 2K?>;=5=8O AC1B5AB>2 H:0;K .5:A;5@0 <564C 8=B@>25@B0<8 8 M:AB@025@B0<8 25AL<0 =57=0G8B5;L=K. =0G8<0O @07=8F0 =01;N40;0AL B>;L:> ?> 42C< B5AB0<.  @57C;LB0B0E 2K?>;=5=8O 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=>3> B5AB0 65:A>=0 () <564C M:AB@025@B0<8 8 8=B@>25@B0<8 =5 1K;> @07;8G89 =8 ?> >4=><C 87 AC1B5AB>2.  1969 3>4C 975=: 8 >:A>= ?@>25;8 A@02=8B5;L=K5 8AA;54>20=8O C@>2=O >1I53> 8=B5;;5:B0 (IQ) C M:AB@025@B>2 8 8=B@>25@B>2. 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B :>=D;8:B>2 A @>25A=8:0<8 8E A?0A05B @0728B>5 GC2AB2> A?@0254;82>AB8 8 =5 ?> 45BA:8 H8@>:85 273;O4K =0 687=L, 0 B0:65 GC2AB2> N<>@0. >60;C9, @0728B>5 GC2AB2> N<>@0 8 ?5@D5:F8>=87< - AB@5<;5=85 4>2>48BL ;N1>5 45;> 4> A>25@H5=AB20 - O2;ONBAO A0<K<8 3;02=K<8 ;8G=>AB=K<8 G5@B0<8 - A?CB=8:0<8 @0==59 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=>9 >40@5==>AB8. " "#  1. 5=5B8:0, <>73 8 ?A8E8:0 G5;>25:0: B5=45=F88 8 ?5@A?5:B82K 8AA;54>20=8O. .: , 1988. !. 21. 2. >;C1520 -.. !?>A>1=>AB8 8 8=48284C0;L=>ABL. .: @><5B59, 1993. 3. Personality Psychology in Europe. V. 4. Tibbury University Press. 1993. 4. @0=>2A:0O .., 5@57=0O .. =BC8F8O 8 8A:CAAB25==K9 8=B5;;5:B. .: #. 1991. 5. Renbow C.P., Stanlay G.C. Sex differences in mathematical ability. Fact or artefact? // Science. Wash. 1980. Dec. 12. Vol.210. N 4475. P. 1262 -1264. 6. Mc.Guinness D. Sex differences in the organisation andcognition // Lloyd B., Arcker G.L. (eds) Exploring sex differences L. etc 1976. P. 123-156. 7. Hilton R. 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Tho Wechsler Adulf Intelligence Scale and personality acsesment: Towards a biologically based theory of intelligence and cognition // Personality and Individual Differences. 1986. 7. P. 153-159. 14. Eysenk H.J. Relationship between intelligence and perconality // Perceptual and Motor Skills. 1971. N 32. P. 637-638. 5. Saklofshe D.H., Kostura D.D. Extraversion-introversion and intelligence // Persjnality and Individual Differences. 1990. N 11. P. 547-551. 16. Cattell R.B. Intelligence: Its Structure growth and action. Amsterdam. The Netherlands: North-Holland. 1987. 17. Brand C.R., Egan V. & Deary I.Y. General intelligence and personality: No relation? // In Dk. Detterman (Ed) Current topics in human intelligence. N.Y. 1991. 18. 5?0;09B5 . =0: M<>F8>=0;L=>AB8 8 >A>15==>AB8 8=B5;;5:B0 // A8E>;>38G5A:89 6C@=0;, 1982. ". 3. N 2. !. 120-126. ;020 6. !#*"/    !! !!!".&"+ "  !!!". 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(<5;52 .., >E8;L:> .., >7;>2A:0O-"5;L=>20 ... @0:B8:C< ?> M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=>9 ?A8E>A5<0=B8:5. "570C@CA ;8G=>AB=KE G5@B. .: #, 1988. 5. Allpart G.W., Odbert H.S. Trait-names: a psycholexical studi // Psichological managraphs. 1936. V. 47. N 1. 6. Cattell R.B. The description and measuremeht of personality. N.Y.: World Bock. 1946. 7. Peabody D. Selecting representative trait adjectives // Jorn. of personality and social psychology. 1987. V. 52. N 1. P. 59-71. 8. Meyer W.U. Leistugnmotiv und Ursachenerklarung von Erfolg und Miperfoly. Stutgart. 1973. P. 23-37. 9. %5:E0C75= %. >B820F8O 8 45OB5;L=>ABL.  2 B. .: @>A25I5=85, 1982. ". 2. !. 6-220. 10. Broohover W.B. & Selfconcept of ability and school achievement // Socialogy of Edication. 1966. V. 3. P. 36-52. 11. Jopt U-I., Sprute J. Schulische Verhaltens und Attribuierungs. Conseguenzen naiver Fahigheits wahrnehmung // News letter "Selbsthonzepte". Universittat Trier. 1978. N 2. 12. Meili R. Manuel du diagnostic psychologigue. 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orrance E.P. Guiding creative tulent - Englewood Cliffs, W.J.: Prentice-Holl, 1964. 12. 5@:8=A .. "2>@G5A:0O >40@5==>ABL :0: ?A8E>;>38G5A:>5 ?>=OB85 // 1I5AB25==K5 =0C:8 70 @C156><. .. !5@. 0C:>2545=85. 1988, N 4 !. 88-92. 13. C: .. @>1;5<K =0CG=>3> B2>@G5AB20 // !5@. 0C:>2545=85 70 @C156><, .   !!! , 1983. 14. Sternberg R. Jeneral intellectual ability // Human abilitisrd by R. Sternberg. 1985. . 5-31. 15. Terman L.M. The Measurement of Intelligence Boston,1937. 16. >4D@C0 . 'B> B0:>5 ?A8E>;>38O 2 2 B. .: 8@, 1992. 17. ><1@>7> &. 5=80;L=>ABL 8 ?><5H0B5;LAB2>. !-5B5@1C@3, 1992. !. 15-16, 21-23. 18. Karlson Y.L. Inheritance of creative intelligence. Cicago, 1978. P. 138. 19. 8@H . 5=80;L=>ABL 8 2K@>645=85. 45AA0, 1895. 20. >=G0@5=:> .. 5=89 2 8A:CAAB25 8 =0C:5. .: A:CAAB2>, 1991. 21. 535;L $. -AB5B8:0 2 4 B. 1968. ". 1. !. 47. 22. Bogerman W.G. Studies of Genius. N.Y. 1947. P. 171. 23. ;0E . "2>@G5A:89 ?>B5=F80; 8 ;8G=>AB=K5 ?5@5<5=K // 1I5AB25==K5 =0C:8 70 @C156><. .. !5@. 0C:>2545=85, 1968. N 4. !. 69-73. 24. %>@>28BF $.., 095@ . 40@5==K5 8 B0;0=B;82K5 45B8: A>AB>O=85 ?@>1;5<K 8 =0?@02;5=8O 8AA;54>20=89 // 1I5AB25==K5 =0C:8 70 @C156><. .. !5@8O 0C:>2545=85, 1988. 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A8E>35=5B8:0 :@50B82=>AB8 0?><=8<, GB> ?A8E>35=5B8:0 @5H05B ?@>1;5<C 45B5@<8=0=B D5=>B8?8G5A:>9 87<5=G82>AB8 ?@87=0:0, B.5. ?@>1;5<C ?@8G8= 8=48284C0;L=KE @07;8G89 <564C ;N4L<8, 2 B>< G8A;5 - @07;8G89 2 A?>A>1=>ABOE. 0: <K C65 >B<5B8;8 2KH5, 2 ?A8E>;>388 @0728B8O 1>@NBAO 8 2708<>4>?>;=ONB 4@C3 4@C30 3 ?>4E>40: 1) 35=5B8G5A:89, >B2>4OI89 >A=>2=CN @>;L 2 45B5@<8=0F88 ?A8E8G5A:8E A2>9AB2 =0A;54AB25==>AB8; 2) A@54>2>9, ?@54AB028B5;8 :>B>@>3> AG8B0NB @5H0NI8< D0:B>@>< @0728B8O ?A8E8G5A:8E A?>A>1=>AB59 2=5H=85 CA;>28O, 8 3) ?>4E>4 35=>B8? - A@54>2>3> 2708<>459AB28O. 0A;54C5<K ;8 B2>@G5A:85 A?>A>1=>AB8, B>G=55 - :@50B82=>ABL? =>3>G8A;5==K5 8AB>@8G5A:85 ?@8<5@K: A5<59AB20 <0B5<0B8:>2 5@=C;;8, :><?>78B>@>2 0E>2, @CAA:8E ?8A0B5;59 8 <KA;8B5;59 - A5<LO !>;>2L52KE 8 4@C385, - =0 ?5@2K9 273;O4, C1548B5;L=> A2845B5;LAB2CNB > ?@58<CI5AB25==>9 @>;8 =0A;54AB25==>AB8. @8B8:8 35=5B8G5A:>3> ?>4E>40 2>7@060NB ?@>B82 ?@O<>;8=59=>9 8=B5@?@5B0F88 MB8E ?@8<5@>2. >7<>6=K 5I5 420 0;LB5@=0B82=KE >1JOA=5=8O: 2>-?5@2KE, B2>@G5A:0O A@540, A>740205<0O AB0@H8<8 G;5=0<8 A5<L8, 8E ?@8<5@ 2>7459AB2C5B =0 @0728B85 B2>@G5A:8E A?>A>1=>AB59 45B59 8 2=C:>2 (A@54>2>9 ?>4E>4). >-2B>@KE, =0;8G85 >48=0:>2KE A?>A>1=>AB59 C 45B59 8 @>48B5;59 ?>4:@5?;O5BAO AB8E89=> A:;04K20NI59AO B2>@G5A:>9 A@54>9, 045:20B=>9 35=>B8?C (38?>B570 35=>B8?, - A@54>2>3> 2708<>459AB28O).  >17>@5 .8:>;A0 [1], >1>1I82H53> @57C;LB0BK 211 1;87=5F>2KE 8AA;54>20=89, ?@82545=K @57C;LB0BK 4803=>AB8:8 4825@35=B=>3> <KH;5=8O 2 10 8AA;54>20=8OE. !@54=OO 25;8G8=0 :>@@5;OF89 <564C  1;87=5F0<8 @02=0 0,61, 0 <564C  1;87=5F0<8 - 0,50. !;54>20B5;L=>, 2:;04 =0A;54AB25==>AB8 2 45B5@<8=0F8N 8=48284C0;L=KE @07;8G89 ?> C@>2=N @0728B8O 4825@35=B=>3> <KH;5=8O 25AL<0 =525;8:. >AA89A:85 ?A8E>;>38 ..@83>@5=:> 8 ..>GC159 2 1989 3>4C ?@>25;8 8AA;54>20=85  8  1;87=5F>2 (CG0I8EAO 9-10 :;0AA>2 A@54=59 H:>;K). =8 ?>?KB0;8AL 2KO28BL 2;8O=85 38=>B8?0 8 A@54>2KE D0:B>@>2 (B8?0 @>48B5;LA:8E >B=>H5=89) =0 @0728B85 :@50B82=>AB8 45B59. ;O 4803=>AB8:8 @>48B5;LA:8E >B=>H5=89 8A?>;L7>20;AO >?@>A=8: .0@38. #@>25=L @0728B8O :@50B82=>AB8 >?@545;O;AO A ?><>ILN B5AB0 ..">@@5=A0 (25@10;L=0O 8 87>1@078B5;L=0O G0AB8). ;02=K9 2K2>4, : :>B>@><C ?@8H;8 02B>@K: 8=48284C0;L=K5 @07;8G8O 2 :@50B82=>AB8 8 ?>:070B5;OE ?@>F5AA0 ?@>25@:8 2K42865=8O 38?>B57 >?@545;O5BAO A@54>2K<8 D0:B>@0<8. 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(04@8:>2 .. !?>A>1=>AB8, >40@5==>ABL, B0;0=B // 0728B85 8 4803=>AB8:0 A?>A>1=>AB59. .: 0C:0, 1991. 24. =0=L52 ..  ?@>1;5<0E A>2@5<5==>3> G5;>25:>7=0=8O. .: 0C:0, 1977. <5AB> 70:;NG5=8O -B0 <>=>3@0D8O ?8H5BAO 2 1994 3>4C, :>340 70@01>B=0O ?;0B0 =0CG=>3> A>B@C4=8:0 A=878;0AL 4> 1/3 (8;8 C65 4> 1/5) 70@?;0BK C1>@I8FK <5B@>, 0 F5==>AB8 "B2>@G5AB2>", "7=0=85", "8=B5;;5:B" 8AG570NB 87 A>7=0=8O. / =045NAL, GB> :=830 1C45B 8740=0. @><5 B>3>, O =045NAL, GB> C=8GB>65=85 8=B5;;5:B0 8 B2>@G5A:8E A?>A>1=>AB59 =0@>4>2 >AA88: A 1917 ?> 1956 3>4 - D878G5A:>5, A 1956 ?> 1991 - ?>;8B8:>-845>;>38G5A:>5, 0 A 1991 - M:>=><8G5A:>5 - :>340-=81C4L 70:>=G8BAO =5 453@040F859, 0 ?@>7@5=85< 3@0640=A:>3> >1I5AB20. 5@F>3 0@>HDC:> ?8A0;: "A5 60;CNBAO =0 A2>N ?0<OBL, => =8:B> =5 60;C5BAO =0 A2>9 C<". >102;N - @565 2A53> =0 =54>AB0B>: C<0 60;CNBAO ?>;8B8:8 8 187=5A<5=K. > =0CG=CN ;8B5@0BC@C >=8 G8B0NB 5I5 @565, ?>MB><C :@0B:85 2K2>4K 87 A>45@60=8O :=838 ?@54=07=0G5=K 4;O =0A A 20<8. 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